Penicillin G purposedly added to whole raw milk at concentrations from .05 to .20 IU/ml was removed to undetectable levels by a combination of ultrafiltrations and permeate washes. After penicillin removal, whole milk 3:1 vol/vol concentrated retentates were reconstituted to milk with antibiotic-free permeate with little change in composition and with very good to excellent flavor. Washing 3:1 vol/vol concentrated retentates from penicillin-contaminated milks with water also removed penicillin to an undetectable level but changed the composition of product, which displayed a flat flavor.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)81231-5 | DOI Listing |
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Background: Our previous study demonstrated that alcohol induced the expression of the α4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the livers of wild type mice (WT), and that whole-body α4 nAChR knockout mice (α4KO) showed protection against alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and injury. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that hepatocyte-specific α4 nAChRs may directly contribute to the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.
Methods: Hepatocyte-specific α4 knockout mice (α4HepKO) were generated, and the absence of α4 nAChR was confirmed through PCR of genomic DNA.
Physiol Behav
March 2025
Smell & Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Electronic address:
The mathematical relationship between the ability to detect an odorant and its concentration appears for some odorants to be non-monotonic, with reversals ("notches") in performance appearing at points along the psychometric function. Like visual adaptation curves that reflect the differential sensitivities of cones and rods, such reversals may provide information about underlying olfactory receptor processes. However, the presence of such reversals is rarely acknowledged, few participants and odorants have been tested, and methodological concerns abound.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Radiat Isot
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural & Computational Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Metallic elemental analyses are needed to complete food composition databases, in which humans consume food to obtain energy and be able to do everyday work. The study aimed to investigate the concentrations of some metals (K, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in teff and barley samples using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) techniques. The samples, weighing 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
September 2024
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022. Electronic address:
The present work aims to evaluate the dissociation of casein micelles in diluted skim milk (SM) systems after undergoing solvent- or emulsifying salt-based dissociation coupled with ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH). Specifically, part I evaluated dilute SM solutions combined with varying ethanol concentrations (0%-60%) at varying temperatures (5-65°C) in combination with UHPH (100-300 MPa), and part II evaluated dilute SM solutions combined with varying concentrations (0-100 mM) of either sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) or sodium citrate (SC) in combination with UHPH (100-300 MPa). In part I, high concentrations of ethanol (40%-60% vol/vol) at elevated temperatures (45-65°C) achieved extensive dissociation of casein micelles, especially in combination with UHPH at ≥200 MPa, as shown by a reduction in sample absorbance and in casein particle size compared with the control (dilute SM, 65°C) under optimum conditions (dilute SM, 60% ethanol, 65°C, ≥200 MPa).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
September 2024
Basic Applied Science Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
The use of essential oils (EO) has attracted interest in the food industry because of their wide range of beneficial properties. In this study, a new functional yogurt was developed using 2 EO, marjoram and geranium, at 3 different concentrations (0.2%, 0.
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