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Small-scale aqueous suspension preparation using dual centrifugation: the effect of process parameters on the sizes of drug particles.

Eur J Pharm Sci

February 2025

Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 5230, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The dual centrifugation method is an efficient tool for preparing submicron pharmaceutical suspensions by enabling the simultaneous milling of 40 samples, but more research is needed to fully understand how different process variables affect particle sizes.
  • Key factors influencing particle size include milling speed, bead size, and bead loading, while rotor temperature had no significant impact when polysorbate 20 was used.
  • The study found that optimal conditions, such as higher milling speeds and smaller beads, led to faster size reductions, achieving target sizes in about 30 minutes for specific compounds like cinnarizine, haloperidol, and indomethacin.
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Aqueous suspensions of poorly soluble, crystalline drug particles in the sub-micron range hold the ability to regulate the drug release for a defined period of time after e.g., intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration, working as an eminent formulation strategy for the preparation of long-acting injectables.

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Application of a Novel Dissolution Medium with Lipids for In Vitro Simulation of the Postprandial Gastric Content.

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Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Food can change various physiological parameters along the gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting postprandial drug absorption. It is thus important to consider different in vivo conditions during in vitro studies. Therefore, a novel dissolution medium simulating variable postprandial pH values and lipid concentrations was developed and used in this study.

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Article Synopsis
  • * New selective spectrophotometric methods (DRD, DRE, DAE-DRE) were developed to accurately measure dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine in their presence of harmful impurities, demonstrating good accuracy and adherence to ICH guidelines.
  • * The study incorporated various green assessment tools to evaluate the sustainability of these new methods compared to traditional HPLC methods, showing promise for improving quality control in pharmaceutical companies.
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A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) containing long chain lipid digestion products (LDP) and surfactants was developed to increase solubility of two model weakly basic drugs, cinnarizine and ritonavir, in the formulation. A 1:1.2 w/w mixture of glyceryl monooleate (Capmul GMO-50; Abitec) and oleic acid was used as the digestion product, and a 1:1 w/w mixture of Tween 80 and Cremophor EL was the surfactant used.

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