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Pattern of antibiotic dispensing at pharmacies according to access, watch, reserve (AWaRe) classification: multicenter study after COVID-19 waves in different districts of Pakistan.
BMC Res Notes
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 37000, Pakistan.
Objective: The dispensing of non-prescription antibiotics is a worldwide concern, and antibiotics should only be dispensed with a legitimate prescription.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the simulated client methodology, with data collected, recorded, and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The simulated client visited 210 pharmacies, of which 70 dispensed antibiotics without a prescription.
The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Background/objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons leading to debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. Beyond its well-known neurological features, emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut-brain axis and gastrointestinal microbiota in PD pathogenesis. Dysbiosis has been strongly linked to PD and is associated with increased intestinal permeability, chronic inflammation, and the production of neurotoxic metabolites that may exacerbate neuronal damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn evidence-based update on the diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
January 2025
Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction affecting 5% of the population. The cardinal symptoms are abdominal pain and altered stool form or frequency.
Areas Covered: Diagnosis and management of IBS.
Hepatic encephalopathy in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Metab Brain Dis
January 2025
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is traditionally associated with hepatic parenchymal diseases, such as acute liver failure and cirrhosis. Its prevalence in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) patients, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) is less well described. HE in NCPH allows one to study the effect of portosystemic shunting and ammonia without significant hepatic parenchymal injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiota transplant for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: The THEMATIC trial.
J Hepatol
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Background: Preventing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in cirrhosis, which is associated with an altered gut-liver-brain axis, is an unmet need. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is beneficial in phase-1 studies, but route and dose-related questions remain.
Methods: We performed a phase-2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of capsule and enema FMT in cirrhosis and HE on lactulose and rifaximin.
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