The activity of urease in microcapsules formed by a symplex membrane from cellulose sulphate and polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride is studied and compared with that of free urease in solution. Both free and encapsulated urease exhibits a similar pH optimum. The interaction of urease with cellulose sulphate causes a decrease of the activity down to 35 to 38%. In spite of its lower absolute activity the encapsulated urease shows a higher long time stability than the free urease. The presented immobilization method for urease could be of importance for an active detoxification in uremia.
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ACS Omega
January 2025
Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
The chemical functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) was carried out using 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate as the reagent under various experimental conditions via a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) reaction. The functionalized CNFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance. The results indicate that the chemical modification was successful, as evidenced by the presence of a band at 1540 cm, corresponding to the N-H bond of the amine group.
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January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
A surfactant is an efficient and common additive used to enhance the spreading of droplets on hydrophobic surfaces. However, a high surfactant concentration is required to achieve the desired performance, resulting in environmental pollution and increased costs. Additionally, the pesticide loading capacity of surfactants at low concentrations (below their critical micelle concentrations) is a concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Educational Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Cellulose is a homopolymer composed of β-glucose units linked by 1,4-beta linkages in a linear arrangement, providing its structure with intermolecular H-bonding networking and crystallinity. The participation of hydroxy groups in the H-bonding network results in a low-to-average nucleophilicity of cellulose, which is insufficient for executing a nucleophilic reaction. Importantly, as a polyhydroxy biopolymer, cellulose has a high proportion of hydroxy groups in secondary and primary forms, providing it with limited aqueous solubility, highly dependent on its form, size, and other materialistic properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Türkiye. Electronic address:
This study showcases the remarkable efficacy of quaternary ammonium-modified cellulose as a highly sustainable biosorbent for removing Sunset Yellow (SY) dye from water. Detailed analysis was conducted using infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for structural changes and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological changes. A minimal yet highly effective dose of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, PO BOX 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address:
This study provides insights into nanocellulose production using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ([Bmim]HSO) as a green solvent, utilizing cellulose derived from date palm waste. Critical hydrolysis parameters were optimized through analysis of variance and response surface methodology. The predicted nanocellulose yield (Y) followed a quadric equation represented by Y=55.
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