We have studied a family carrying a variant of the class 2 mutation of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in which there is unusual longevity and in which obligate heterozygotes did not express constant or statistically significant hypercholesterolemia. The heterozygotes have the same kinetic defect in the processing of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in their fibroblasts and the reduced fractional catabolic rate for apoLDL that is characteristic of other patients with heterozygous FH. However, their plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels are not as strikingly abnormal because they have normal or near normal rates of apoLDL synthesis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320220318 | DOI Listing |
Clin Chim Acta
January 2025
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000 Brazil. Electronic address:
Background And Aims: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disease that leads to early-onset atherosclerosis. Causative mutations in FH-related genes are found in 60-80 % of patients, while epigenetic factors may contribute to mutation-negative cases. This study analyzed miRNAs and proteins from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of FH patients to explore their contribution in FH diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Naples, Italy.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease, usually with onset during childhood, characterized by elevated blood LDL cholesterol levels and potentially associated with severe cardiovascular complications. Concerning mutated genes in FH, such as , a small subset of FH patients presents a homozygous genotype, resulting in homozygous FH (HoFH) disease with a generally aggressive phenotype. Besides statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors, lomitapide (an anti-ApoB therapy) was also approved in 2012-2013 as an adjunctive treatment for HoFH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes
November 2024
Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California.
Purpose Of Review: Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have an elevated risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Risks can be minimized through pharmacological and 'lifestyle' behavioral (low fat diet, physical activity) therapies, although therapeutic adherence is sub-optimal. Behavioral interventions to promote familial hypercholesterolemia therapy adherence should be informed by theory-based psychological determinants for maximal efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. Among the several factors that may concur to AD development, elevated cholesterol levels and brain cholesterol dyshomeostasis have been recognized to play a relevant role. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein primarily known to regulate plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) rich in cholesterol and to be one of the main causes of familial hypercholesterolemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
Despite the implementation of next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing on patients with clinical familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), most cases lack complete genetic characterization. We aim to investigate the utility of the polygenic risk score (PRS) in specifying the genetic background of patients from the Latvian Registry of FH (LRFH). We analyzed the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of the clinically diagnosed FH patients (n = 339) and controls selected from the Latvian reference population (n = 515).
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