The results of mitral valve replacement with aortic xenobioprostheses in 15 patients, aged 14 to 20 years, are presented, the follow-up reaching 7 years. The bioprostheses functioned normally 1.5-2 months after the operation. Within three months to 5 years following the operation, 6 patients developed a bioprosthetic dysfunction that caused death in 4. Histologic and ultrastructural examination revealed signs of tissue destruction and calcinosis that were confirmed by roentgenologic and biochemical findings. The pathogenesis of calcification and tissue destruction of xenobioprostheses is discussed.
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