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Fungal Disease Response Centre: Pioneering Diagnostic Approach for Regions With Dispersed Hospital Centres.

Mycoses

January 2025

Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular-Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología-Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.

Background: Access to fungal disease diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality, yet it varies widely across Argentina, especially outside Buenos Aires. In regions like Santa Fe and Paraná, where most healthcare facilities are under 150 beds, maintaining specialised mycology labs is challenging.

Objectives: This work describes the establishment and first-year results of a centralised Fungal Disease Response Centre (FDRC) and referral network serving this region, covering approximately 1 million inhabitants.

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Background: Systemic endemic mycoses are systemic fungal infections typically found in tropical and subtropical regions. Their global incidence is rising, including in nonendemic countries, mainly due to migration and international travel. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in immunocompromised patients.

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Background: Histoplasmosis is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the United States, typically affecting immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients is rare, particularly among young infants, with only a few cases reported.

Case Presentation: We present a 4-month-old female with a history of prematurity who initially presented with 11 days of fever.

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, an Ascomycetes fungus, is the responsible pathogen for histoplasmosis. Although often asymptomatic, around 1% of cases progress to disseminated infection. Endovascular graft infections with this fungus have been reported, particularly on abdominal aortic or aortofemoral bypass grafts.

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Background: Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare and potentially fatal disease, with a higher incidence in immunocompromised patients, such as those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Information on Nocardia spp. infection in Venezuela is limited.

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