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Anti-neuraminidase and anti-hemagglutinin stalk responses to different influenza a(H7N9) vaccine regimens.
Vaccine
January 2025
Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Pandemic influenza vaccine development emphasizes the importance of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antibodies for effective immune responses.
- Clinical trials show that NA inhibition antibody responses increase with higher doses and extended intervals between vaccine doses, indicating a potential strategy for enhancing immunity.
- The study indicates that while neuraminidase responses can be improved for better pandemic preparedness, the antibody responses to the HA stalk were minimal and not long-lasting.
Background: The CDC recommends the more immunogenic adjuvanted and high-dose flu vaccines over standard-dose, non-adjuvanted vaccines for individuals above 65 years old. The current study compares adjuvanted trivalent inactivated flu vaccine (aTIV, FLUAD) versus high-dose flu vaccine (HD-IIV3, FLUZONE HD) to determine if they met non-inferiority standards for older long-term care facility (LTCF) residents.
Methods: We collected blood from long-term care facility residents participating in a randomized 1:1 active control trial comparing MF59C.
Article Synopsis
- Research on immune responses to neuraminidase (NA) is vital for improving influenza vaccines, particularly regarding its effect on infection susceptibility and infectivity.
- A study in Managua, Nicaragua found that higher levels of antibodies against NA and hemagglutinin (HA) are linked to lower chances of influenza A/H3N2 infection, with distinct benefits from anti-NA antibodies in reducing infectivity.
- These findings indicate that influenza vaccines targeting both NA and HA could enhance protection against infection and decrease the likelihood of spreading the virus among vaccinated individuals.
Anti-neuraminidase immunity in the combat against influenza.
Expert Rev Vaccines
April 2024
Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Introduction: Anti-neuraminidase (NA) immunity correlates with the protection against influenza virus infection in both human and animal models. The aim of this review is to better understand the mechanism of anti-NA immunity, and also to evaluate the approaches on developing NA-based influenza vaccines or enhancing immune responses against NA for current influenza vaccines.
Areas Covered: In this review, the structure of influenza neuraminidase, the contribution of anti-NA immunity to protection, as well as the efforts and challenges of targeting the immune responses to NA were discussed.
Antibody inhibition of influenza A virus assembly and release.
J Virol
February 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Antibodies are frontline defenders against influenza virus infection, providing protection through multiple complementary mechanisms. Although a subset of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been shown to restrict replication at the level of virus assembly and release, it remains unclear how potent and pervasive this mechanism of protection is, due in part to the challenge of separating this effect from other aspects of antibody function. To address this question, we developed imaging-based assays to determine how effectively a broad range of mAbs against the IAV surface proteins can specifically restrict viral egress.
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