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Neurophysiological markers of motor compensatory mechanisms in early Parkinson's disease.
Brain
November 2024
Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease are defined as the changes that the brain uses to adapt to neurodegeneration and progressive dopamine reduction. Motor compensation in early Parkinson's disease could, in part, be responsible for a unilateral onset of clinical motor signs despite the presence of bilateral nigrostriatal degeneration. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for compensatory adaptations in Parkinson's disease, the underlying pathophysiology is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional and structural brain connectivity in disorders of consciousness.
Brain Struct Funct
December 2024
Sorbonne University, Paris, F-75013, France.
Brain connectivity, allowing information to be shared between distinct cortical areas and thus to be processed in an integrated way, has long been considered critical for consciousness. However, the relationship between functional intercortical interactions and the structural connections thought to underlie them is poorly understood. In the present work, we explore both functional (with an EEG-based metric: the median weighted symbolic mutual information in the theta band) and structural (with a brain MRI-based metric: fractional anisotropy) connectivities in a cohort of 78 patients with disorders of consciousness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the human conflict processing network: A review of the literature on direct neural recordings during performance of a modified stroop task.
Neurosci Res
September 2024
Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
The Stroop Task is a well-known neuropsychological task developed to investigate conflict processing in the human brain. Our group has utilized direct intracranial neural recordings in various brain regions during performance of a modified color-word Stroop Task to gain a mechanistic understanding of non-emotional human conflict processing. The purpose of this review article is to: 1) synthesize our own studies into a model of human conflict processing, 2) review the current literature on the Stroop Task and other conflict tasks to put our research in context, and 3) describe how these studies define a network in conflict processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Comparison of polymethyl methacrylate skull implant fixation by three types of titanium fasteners].
Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko
April 2024
Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia.
Objective: To evaluate mechanical strength of three methods of polymethyl methacrylate skull implant fixation in two experimental models.
Material And Methods: The first experiment was performed on a plastic model that was as close as possible to bone in structural characteristics. The second experiment was performed on a biological specimen (a ram's head).
Human and non-human primate data clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions . It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes, including working memory, inferential reasoning, and decision-making . In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the 'canonical' cortical microcircuit .
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