Although renal cortical lymphatics have been extensively studied, the existence of renal medullary lymphatics has not been well documented. We studied renal microlymphatics in pig kidneys by retrograde ureteral injection of barium-sulfate-gelatin-saline mixture. Lymphatics filled as a result of forniceal rupture and interstitial extravasation. Microradiographs were correlated with histology and electron microscopy. We traced renal microlymphatic vessels from the arcuate level not only into the cortex but also into the pyramidal region, and therefore concluded that medullary lymphatics existed.
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Am J Cancer Res
December 2024
Department of General Surgery, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
The involvement of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is a critical prognostic factor affecting patient management and outcomes in breast cancer (BC). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the clinical data of BC patients, evaluate ultrasonic signs of ALNs, and explore the implications of a prediction model for ALN metastasis (ALNM) in early-stage BC patients based on ultrasonic features and clinical data. This study retrospectively analyzed ultrasonic features and clinical data from 216 patients diagnosed with unilateral invasive BC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunity
January 2025
Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Thymic mimetic cells are molecular hybrids between medullary-thymic-epithelial cells (mTECs) and diverse peripheral cell types. They are involved in eliminating autoreactive T cells and can perform supplementary functions reflective of their peripheral-cell counterparts. Current knowledge about mimetic cells derives largely from mouse models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a crucial role in suppressing the onset of autoimmunity by eliminating autoreactive T cells and promoting the development of regulatory T cells in the thymus. Although mTECs undergo turnover in adults, the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. This study describes the direct and indirect roles of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and CD40 signaling in TECs in the adult thymus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Chiba Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
Background: Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) evaluates the glymphatic system in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, white matter compression due to ventricular enlargement may affect the ALPS index. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the ALPS index, white matter changes, and clinical symptoms in patients with iNPH.
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