Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_session4s3vlt0rkb9kmkbubef2lutgfs5viukv): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3145
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Purpose: The association of multivitamin use with mammographic breast density (MBD) is unclear, with two studies reporting conflicting findings. We, therefore, investigated the associations of multivitamin use with volumetric measures of MBD; volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and non-dense volume (NDV) in a diverse population of women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,083 women recruited during their annual screening mammograms at the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Participants were classified based on self-reported multivitamin use into non-users, <1 day/week, 1-3 days/week, 4-6 days/week, and daily users. MBD was assessed as VPD, DV, and NDV using Volpara 1.5. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling, adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, race, menopausal status, education, age at menarche, family history of breast cancer, parity and age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, and alcohol intake. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.
Results: Multivitamin use was not associated with VPD. The adjusted mean VPD was 7.0% (95% CI 6.6%-7.2%) for non-users, 7.1% (95% CI 6.4%-8.0%) for women who used multivitamins <1 day/week, 7.4% (95% CI 6.6%-8.3%) for women who used multivitamins 1-3 days/week, 7.1% (95% CI 6.3%-7.7%) for women who used multivitamins 4-6 days/week, and 6.9% (95% CI 6.6%-7.3%) for daily users (p-value= 0.794). Similar null associations were observed between multivitamin use and DV and NDV. Race and premenopausal women did not modify the associations.
Conclusions: We found no associations between multivitamin use and MBD, regardless of the frequency of use. Studies evaluating the potential interactions between dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and MBD are needed to enhance our understanding of how dietary factors impact MBD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.010 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!