Phytomelatonin has attracted significant attention over the years for its roles in promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance. The biosynthetic pathway of phytomelatonin is more intricate than that of melatonin in animals, occurring in plants in the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. By compartmentalizing phytomelatonin production within specific organelles and differentially expressing biosynthesis genes, plants may finely tune the levels of this hormone under normal growth conditions, as well as in rapid responses to changing environmental conditions. Phytomelatonin can interact with its receptor PMTR1, triggering G protein signaling, initiating ROS-Ca2+ signaling hubs, and activating MAPK cascades. Phytomelatonin's main role is promoting plant growth and development, whereas phytomelatonin-mediated resistance to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses is inducible and primed. The flexibility in the biosynthesis, together with the signaling pathways influenced, may contribute to phytomelatonin balancing the trade-offs between growth and stress resistance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-053124-045147 | DOI Listing |
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
February 2025
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Background And Aims: Liver is the major organ involved in apoA-I synthesis and HDL-C turnover, but the impact of apoA-I/HDL on hepatic transcriptome has never been investigated before. In the present study, a transcriptomic analysis by high-throughput RNA-seq was conducted in the liver of atherosclerosis-prone mice, with the aim of identifying new genes/pathways modulated by apoA-I/HDL with a potential effect on atherosclerosis development.
Methods And Results: Eight-week-old apoE knockout (apoEKO) mice lacking apoA-I/HDL (DKO) and with physiological levels of apoA-I/HDL (DKO/hA-I) were fed either a standard rodent diet (SRD) or a Western diet (WD) for 22 weeks.
Food Res Int
April 2025
Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China. Electronic address:
Microbial spoilage in nutrient-rich strawberries has led to significant food waste and economic loss in the food industry. The quorum-quenching enzyme AiiA is believed to disrupt communication between cells by inactivating AHLs-based quorum sensing signals. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, is widely used as a coating film to inhibit bacterial growth and prolong food shelf life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Immunother Cancer
March 2025
Laboratory of Targeted Therapy and Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 6th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Background: The emergence of immunotherapy has revolutionized the paradigm of cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) in solid cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a small subset of CRC patients harboring deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) benefits from ICB therapy. A very limited response to ICB therapy has been achieved in MMR-proficient CRC, representing a significant challenge limiting the clinical application of immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
March 2025
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. Electronic address:
Nanoplastics pollution is a global issue, with the digestive tract being one of the first affected organs, requiring further research on its impact on intestinal health. This study involved orally exposing mice to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) at doses of 0.1, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
March 2025
Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address:
Germline gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) result in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), which may cause symptomatic hypocalcemia with low parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Negative allosteric CaSR modulators, known as calcilytics, have potential as a targeted ADH1 therapy and consist of two main classes, which are the amino alcohols and the quinazolinones. Amino alcohol calcilytics have been extensively assessed as ADH1 therapies, but may not be effective for all ADH1-causing mutations.
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