Differences in Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Diastasis Recti Abdominis Between Primiparous and Age-Matched second-Parous Females After Vaginal Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences in pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) between primiparous and second-parous females with known risk factors controlled.

Patients And Methods: 49 primiparous and 49 age-matched second-parous postpartum after spontaneous vaginal delivery were included between October and December 2023. Independent variables include weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fetal weight, gestational weight gain (GWG). Main outcome measurements include vaginal resting pressure (VRP) and maximum voluntary contraction pressure (MVCP) indicating pelvic floor muscle strength, the stage of anterior (APOP) and posterior pelvic organ prolapse (PPOP) and inter-recti distance (IRD) indicating DRA. Independent -test and Chi-square test of independence were used to analyze differences between two groups for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results: No significant differences were found in terms of vaginal pressure measurements between two groups (VRP: t (96) = 0.07, = 0.942; MVCP: t (96) = 0.40, = 0.689). Second-parous group showed significantly more severe DRA with larger IRD than primiparous group (t (96) = -2.405, = 0.018). No significant association was found between parity and APOP stage (χ(1) = 2.67,  = 0.102) in this current study; however, second-parous females demonstrated greater PPOP stage than primiparous females (χ(1) = 5.24, = 0.022).

Conclusion: Second-parous females at similar age are more likely to experience PPOP than primiparous group after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Greater public attention with plausible actions should be taken for second-parous female group to prevent more severe postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction.