() are a gene family that relies on NAD +/NADP + proteins to oxidize toxic aldehydes to non-toxic carboxylic acids, and they play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants, as well as in their ability to withstand stress. This study identified 26 genes from six gene families distributed on six chromosomes. By analyzing the phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements, collinearity of homologs, evolutionary patterns, differentiation patterns, and expression variations under drought stress, we found that the gene is involved in phytohormones and exhibits responsiveness to various environmental stressors by modulating multiple cis-regulatory elements. In addition, , , , and have been identified as playing a crucial role in the response to drought stress. By analyzing the expression patterns of different tissues under drought stress, we discovered that and exhibited the most pronounced impact in relation to the drought stress response, which indicates that they play a positive role in the response to abiotic stress. These findings provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the gene family in and enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying genes in licorice growth, development, and adaptation to drought stress.
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