Vascular tissue development plays a pivotal role in plant growth and defense against biotic stress. Root-knot nematodes, particularly (), are globally distributed phytopathogens that cause severe economic losses in a variety of vascular plants. In this study, three vascular bundle development-related genes, including , , and , were identified in cucumber. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that and were highly expressed in roots. Infection with showed dynamic expression changes for , , and . Specially, and were upregulated at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), while was downregulated at both 7 dpi and 14 dpi. Tissue localization studies using promoter-GUS constructs demonstrated - and - activity in galls and specific vascular tissues, while mRNA was detected in giant cells (GCs) at 14 dpi using methods. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of , , and revealed their distinct roles in nematode-induced gall formation. Silencing and resulted in increased root growth and gall size, whereas silencing led to reduced gall size. These findings highlight the functional significance of , , and in cucumber defense against , offering insights into the interplay between vascular development and plant defense mechanisms.
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