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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.r487 | DOI Listing |
Nature
March 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Many natural motor skills, such as speaking or locomotion, are acquired through a process of trial-and-error learning over the course of development. It has long been hypothesized, motivated by observations in artificial learning experiments, that dopamine has a crucial role in this process. Dopamine in the basal ganglia is thought to guide reward-based trial-and-error learning by encoding reward prediction errors, decreasing after worse-than-predicted reward outcomes and increasing after better-than-predicted ones.
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March 2025
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet Public Health
March 2025
Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Health Services Research, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Despite Germany's robust economy, comprehensive social welfare system, and the country ranking third among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries in terms of per-capita health spending, its health indicators still lag behind those of other European nations. Germany also has one of the highest prevalences of major modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases within the EU. This Health Policy provides an overview of the development, structures, and actors in public health in Germany, highlighting possible explanations for the country's underperforming health indicators and suggesting a way forward.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
March 2025
School of English Studies, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Recent years have witnessed a "discursive turn" in image construction studies. This article explores the linguistic features of image construction. We provide a corpus-based diachronic study of the distribution of modality in The Reports to the 16th to 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and unravel the role of the modal verbs in conceptualizing China's images in The Reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Aff Sch
February 2025
School of Environment, Enterprise and Development, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1.
Regulatory actors, particularly market authorization agencies, health technology assessment agencies, and health care procurement agencies, exert a powerful influence on the adoption and use of health technologies (eg, medicines and medical devices). With health care being responsible, directly and indirectly, for an estimated 4.6% of global greenhouse gas emissions, alongside other environmental harms, these actors have recognized the need to address the environmental impacts of health technologies.
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