Insect neuropeptides are crucial for chemical communication, influencing growth, metabolism, and behavior. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNAs, primarily regulate target gene expression. However, the co-regulation between miRNAs and neuropeptides in modulating locomotor behavior remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that miR-7977 inhibited the expression of DHR and decreased the locomotor activity in adults of Tribolium castaneum. Moreover, the over-expression of miR-7977 lead to a decline in both respiratory rate and heart rate, an effect not observed upon DHR knockdown, thus prompting our speculation about the existence of additional target genes. Further investigations validated this hypothesis. Ultimately, we confirmed that miR-7977 can target DHR and SIFR to modulate locomotor behavior. Our research unveils the regulatory network of miR-7977-DHR/SIFR, offering novel perspectives on the intricate regulation of insect physiological behavior by small RNAs and neuropeptides.
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