Background: Frequent hand hygiene is essential for infection control among health care workers (HCWs) but may cause adverse skin effects.
Purpose: To assess the relationships between frequent hand hygiene practices, skin symptoms, and microbiota alterations in HCWs.
Methods: A comprehensive search of 7 databases was conducted to identify articles published between January 2014 and July 2024 in English and Chinese.
Results: A total of 24 studies were included in the review. Frequent hand hygiene was associated with reduced microbial flora in 2 studies and high incidences of skin dryness, itching, peeling, erythema, fissures, burning, and pain in 18 studies. Fifteen studies linked frequent hand hygiene to eczema, dermatitis, acne, and folliculitis, while 1 study found higher Staphylococcus aureus detection in severe eczema cases.
Conclusions: Prolonged frequent hand hygiene alters hand microbiota and induces various skin symptoms, necessitating attention to chronic occupational exposure among HCWs.
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