In this study, a CeO/attapulgite (ATP) composite was synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal method to efficiently remove excess fluoride from water. The structural and surface properties of the synthesized adsorbent were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fluoride adsorption capacity of the CeO/ATP composite was systematically evaluated, reaching a maximum of 47.84 mg/g. Kinetic analysis revealed that fluoride uptake followed a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting a chemisorption-dominated process. Furthermore, isothermal adsorption experiments conducted within a concentration range of 10 mg/L to 260 mg/L demonstrated that the adsorption process fit the Langmuir isotherm model. To evaluate the potential for commercial use, five consecutive reusability tests were performed, showing a sustained adsorption capacity of 30.2 mg/g. The CeO/ATP composite demonstrates effective fluoride removal capabilities and good recyclability, highlighting its potential for practical applications in water treatment.
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