The sex-specific development of hippocampal learning in juveniles remains unclear. Using an inhibitory avoidance task, we assessed contextual learning in both sexes of juvenile rats. While sex hormone levels and activating effects are low in juveniles, females showed superior performance to males, suggesting that females have a shorter period of infantile amnesia than males. It was already known that when infants are cared for by mothers with high parenting behavior, they are likely to become high parenting mothers themselves. In addition, neonatal testosterone is known to masculinize the brain, causing behavioral, neural, and hormonal sex differences. Here, we reviewed the purposeful significance of sex-specific development for learning, along with the interaction of developmental changes in the hormonal environment.
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