Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that predominantly surround inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They have been identified as crucial regulators of synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. This literature review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about PNNs, their molecular composition and structure, as well as their functional roles and involvement in neurological diseases. Furthermore, future directions in PNN research are proposed, and the therapeutic potential of targeting PNNs to develop novel treatment options for various neurological disorders is explored. This review emphasizes the importance of PNNs in CNS physiology and pathology and underscores the need for further research in this area.
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The Role of Perineuronal Nets in Physiology and Disease: Insights from Recent Studies.
Cells
February 2025
Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that predominantly surround inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They have been identified as crucial regulators of synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. This literature review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about PNNs, their molecular composition and structure, as well as their functional roles and involvement in neurological diseases.
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Department of Neuroscience, Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA.
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures of the central nervous system that predominantly surround inhibitory interneurons. The development of PNNs is activity dependent and relies on sensory input to mature to an adult expression pattern, coinciding with the crysallization of synaptic circuitry following the closure of the developmental critical period. Our results of a neocortical characterisation demonstrate that the density of PNNs in the neocortex of the Long Evans rat was consistent across animals but varied as a function of the cortical region.
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Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
This preface introduces a collection of new work focused on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and select MMP substrates in the nervous system. Discovered over 60 years ago during the study of collagen degradation during tadpole tail metamorphosis by Gross and Lapiere, MMPs are now known to play critical roles in adaptive and non-adaptive physiological processes in varied species. Though early studies focused predominantly on their role in inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis, work during the last 20 years has expanded to include an abundance of studies related to MMPs and their substrates in brain disease and plasticity.
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Parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons (basket and chandelier cells) regulate the firing rate of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex and play a key role in the generation of network oscillations in the cerebral cortex. A growing body of evidence suggest that cortical PV interneurons become overactive in chronic pain and contribute to nociceptive sensitization by inhibiting a top-down analgesic pathway. Here, we provide further support to this hypothesis showing that intracortical infusion of the GABA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, caused analgesia in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain, although it reduced pain thresholds in healthy mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelenium deficiency impedes maturation of parvalbumin interneurons, perineuronal nets, and neural network activity.
Redox Biol
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Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. Electronic address:
Selenoproteins are fundamental players in redox signaling that are essential for proper brain development and function. They are indispensable for the vitality of GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVIs), a cell type characterized by fast-spiking activity and heightened rates of metabolism. During development, PVIs are preferentially encapsulated by specialized extracellular matrix structures, termed perineuronal nets (PNNs), which serve to stabilize synaptic structure and act as protective barriers against redox insults.
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