Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Phyllanthus emblica L. "Yingyu".

Phyllanthus emblica L. is an edible plant with medicinal properties native to the dry-hot valley of Yunnan, China. Here, we report a de novo chromosome-scale genome of P. emblica wild type "Yingyu". "Yingyu" is an octopoid plant with a total of 104 chromosomes. In total, we assembled and clustered 480 Mb of the genome and constructed 26 pseudochromosomes (haplotypes) of P. emblica wild type "Yingyu" that encompass 97.9% of the genome and demonstrate to have relatively high integrity. We annotated 31,111 genes found in the genome of P. emblica. We screened five different tissues for searching the tissue-specific expression candidate genes. Four unknown function candidate genes were expressed at high levels in the flowers while genes relating to the biosynthesis of gibberellins and cellulose were specifically expressed in the fruits. The ascorbate biosynthesis related genes were screened on P. emblica "Yingyu" genome. The high expression level of two GDP-mannose epimerases and one L-galactono-1,4- lactone dehydrogenases in the fruit may be related to the active of absorbate biosynthesis in the fruit. The chromosome-level genomic data for P. emblica we report will be important for the development of molecular markers to facilitate the selection of superior cultivars for the processing and pharmaceuticals.