Active shooter planning for special education classrooms requires considerations commensurate to the needs of students with mobility, cognitive, auditory, visual, and communicative limitations. The federally established Run, Hide, Fight response methodology has no modified alternative for students who are not able to meet the criteria to run, hide, or fight. School districts that implement Run, Hide, Fight plans without any modified alternatives for special education students expose a compliance lapse of the American Disabilities Act, the Department of Education's Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and the National Preparedness Goal. To address this gap in planning, a qualitative analysis of primary source documents determined that there is insufficient active shooter planning guidance requisite to students with Access and Functional Need limitations.
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Active shooter preparedness for special education classrooms.
J Emerg Manag
March 2025
Georgetown University, Washington, DC. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0908-6783.
Active shooter planning for special education classrooms requires considerations commensurate to the needs of students with mobility, cognitive, auditory, visual, and communicative limitations. The federally established Run, Hide, Fight response methodology has no modified alternative for students who are not able to meet the criteria to run, hide, or fight. School districts that implement Run, Hide, Fight plans without any modified alternatives for special education students expose a compliance lapse of the American Disabilities Act, the Department of Education's Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and the National Preparedness Goal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain plasticity associated with prolonged shooting training: a multimodal neuroimaging investigation from a cross-sectional study.
Front Hum Neurosci
February 2025
Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Background: Although training has been recognized as a potential contributor to neuroplasticity in athletes, the impact of prolonged shooting training on human brain plasticity remains unclear in the existing literature.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used a multimodal neuroimaging analysis, including the analysis of functional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, structural T1-weighted MRI images, and diffusion MRI images, to systematically identify differences between elite shooters and normal controls.
Results: The results showed that compared to male normal controls, male elite shooters had higher regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, precuneus, thalamus, and cingulate gyrus, as well as higher functional connectivity between the medial frontal cortex (MedFC) and temporooccipital middle temporal gyrus (toMTG).
A Case Study on Neural Activity Characteristics in a Shooting Competition.
Brain Sci
February 2025
School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China.
: Sexual characteristics in brain neurophysiological activity are a significant area of research in cognitive neuroscience. As a sport that involves minimal physical movement, shooters remain largely stationary during aiming, facilitating the collection of their neural activity compared to athletes in other sports. : To investigate the neural characteristics of novice shooters of different genders under competitive conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBefore shots are fired: The occupational health and safety professional's role in addressing active shooter and violent threats in the workplace.
J Occup Environ Hyg
February 2025
Department of Criminal Justice, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey.
This article examines active shooters and mass shootings and their implications for occupational health and safety professionals as they relate to industrial hygiene and public health. The article explores the overlapping workplace threat landscape and the roles of homeland security and industrial hygiene enterprises in preventing, mitigating, responding to, and helping people recover from workplace violence, including active shooters, as a natural extension of the purview of those enterprises in addressing all hazards. The article concludes by setting forth a means for improving workplace violence prevention and response through industrial hygiene concepts and through the contributions of industrial hygiene professionals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of infra low frequency-neurofeedback training on pistol shooting performance and attention in semi-skilled players.
Front Hum Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose: Neurofeedback (NF) typically involves an operant conditioning or other reinforcement protocol aimed at self-regulating patterns of brain activation. Endogenous Neuromodulation, characterized by the absence of discrete reinforcers, has emerged over the last two decades with the extension of training into the infra-low frequency regime, i.e.
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