We propose a mechanism to explain the emergence of an intermediate gapless spin liquid phase in the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model in an externally applied magnetic field, sandwiched between the well-known gapped chiral spin liquid and the gapped partially polarized phase. We propose that, in moderate fields, π-fluxes nucleate in the ground state and trap Majorana zero modes. As these fluxes proliferate with increasing field, the Majorana zero modes overlap creating an emergent quantum Majorana metallic state with a "Fermi surface" at zero energy. We further show that the Majorana spectral function captures the dynamical spin and dimer correlations obtained by the infinite Projected Entangled Pair States method, thereby validating our variational approach.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56789-8 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
March 2025
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
Low-energy excitations play a key role in all condensed-matter systems, yet there is limited understanding of their nature in glasses, where they correspond to local rearrangements of groups of particles. Here, we introduce an algorithm to systematically uncover these excitations up to the activation energy scale relevant to structural relaxation. We use it in a model system to measure the density of states on a scale never achieved before, confirming that this quantity shifts to higher energy under cooling, precisely as the activation energy does.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
March 2025
Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
We propose a mechanism to explain the emergence of an intermediate gapless spin liquid phase in the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model in an externally applied magnetic field, sandwiched between the well-known gapped chiral spin liquid and the gapped partially polarized phase. We propose that, in moderate fields, π-fluxes nucleate in the ground state and trap Majorana zero modes. As these fluxes proliferate with increasing field, the Majorana zero modes overlap creating an emergent quantum Majorana metallic state with a "Fermi surface" at zero energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
March 2025
Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
This study focuses on primary radical ionic species created in liquid carbonates upon high-energy radiation. We studied the radiation-induced fluorescence intensity decays observed from solutions of luminophores in dimethyl, diethyl, ethylene, and propylene carbonates. Based on the effects of external magnetic and electric fields on the fluorescence decays on a timescale of 1-60 ns and quantum chemical calculations, we found that in all studied carbonates, solvent ionization was rapidly followed by the formation of comparatively long-lived positive charge and unpaired electron spin carriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
March 2025
International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
In the present work, we elucidate the inherent loss of net magnetization (⟨Iz⟩) in parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) experiments with magnetic field cycling (MFC) for spin systems containing magnetically equivalent protons. The effects are shown for propane and diethyl ether as representative examples of potential hyperpolarized MRI contrast agents, but the findings of this work are equally applicable to other multispin systems in the liquid or gas phase. These results are relevant to both adiabatic longitudinal transport after dissociation engenders net alignment (ALTADENA) experiments (where 1H nuclei are polarized) and MFC protocols used to transfer parahydrogen spin order to a heteronucleus such as 13C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Chem Biomol Eng
March 2025
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email:
Chirality, a fundamental attribute of asymmetry, pervades in both nature and functional soft materials. In chiral material systems design, achieving global symmetry breaking of building blocks during assembly, with or without the aid of additives, has emerged as a promising strategy across domains including chiral sensing, electronics, photonics, spintronics, and biomimetics. We first introduce the fundamental aspects of chirality, including its structural basis and symmetry-breaking mechanisms considering free energy minimization.
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