Lanthanide-based luminescent materials have shown great capabilities in addressing scientific problems encountered in diverse fields. However, achieving full-color switchable output under single-wavelength irradiation has remained a daunting challenge. Here we report a conceptual model to realize this aim by the temporal control of full upconversion evolution in a multi-layer core-shell nanostructure upon a single commercial 980-nm laser, instead of two or more excitation wavelengths as reported previously. We show that it is able to realize the red-to-green color change (from Er) under non-steady state excitation by constructing the cooperative modulation effect in the Er-Tm-Yb triple system, and single out the blue light (from Tm) by filtering out the short-decay emissions via a time-gating technique. The key role of Tm in manipulating up-transition dynamics of Er is further demonstrated. Our results present a deep insight into the photophysics of lanthanides, and help develop new generation of smart luminescent materials toward emerging photonic applications.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57622-yDOI Listing

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