Objectives: Colorectal cancer and gastric cancer are one of the most prevalent types of cancer and are leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The chemotherapy is insufficient due to the poor targeting and affinity of drugs, low therapeutic effectiveness, and significant side effects. Consequently, developing effective therapeutic formulations is crucial for treating colorectal and gastric cancers. () is a medicinal plant that has been investigated for medical research for cancer therapy owing to its rich phytochemical composition.
Methods: This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of leaf extract on NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, AGS gastric, and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell lines for 24 h using XTT cell viability assay. The apoptotic activity of was examined by detecting caspase 3/7 level in cells. The ROS levels in cells were measured using the DCFH-DA dye. Additionally, it assesses the interaction and binding affinities of the active compounds of with the overexpressed EPCAM through molecular docking.
Results: The results demonstrate a dose-dependent anticancer effect of on AGS and Caco-2 cell lines by reducing cell proliferation, increasing intracellular ROS accumulation and activating the caspase 3/7 apoptosis pathway. exhibited no significant cytotoxic effects on non-cancerous NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the high binding affinity of active compounds in , such as apigenin, aucubin, baicalein, caffeic acid, and luteolin, towards the EpCAM protein overexpressed in gastric and colorectal cancer.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the can be a promising effective therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal cancers.
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