This article aims to provide a comprehensive description of the postnatal effects of drug exposure on neonates, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and the neonatal advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)'s role in working with this vulnerable and marginalized population. Maternal substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant epidemic in the United States and are a leading cause of infant admission to the NICU. Substance use disorders carry stigmas for individuals experiencing them. The opioid crisis has played a pivotal role, with opioids being the most used substance during pregnancy. Neonatal abstinence syndrome manifests as a multisystem disorder resulting from chronic exposure to illicit or prescribed substances in utero that are abruptly halted at delivery. Symptoms of NAS vary in severity depending on the substance type and duration of exposure. The neonatal APRN is in a unique position to have a positive impact on the care provided to neonates experiencing NAS and their mothers experiencing SUD.
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This article aims to provide a comprehensive description of the postnatal effects of drug exposure on neonates, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and the neonatal advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)'s role in working with this vulnerable and marginalized population. Maternal substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant epidemic in the United States and are a leading cause of infant admission to the NICU. Substance use disorders carry stigmas for individuals experiencing them.
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JAMA Netw Open
March 2025
Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Importance: Offering pregnant women financial rewards to stop smoking is associated with a more than 2-fold increase in smoking cessation and is cost-effective; however, it is possible that the association is the result of gaming of the outcome measure (eg, not smoking for 24 hours before outcome measurement using a carbon monoxide breath test). Birth weight is an outcome measure that is independent of the rewards process.
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A Scoping Review of Community Harm Reduction Strategies for Maternal and Fetal Opioid Impacts: Implications for Policy.
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Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
Background: Community-based harm reduction for opioid use may be crucial for mitigating maternal and fetal harms by reducing information bias, fostering trust, and connecting individuals to essential treatment and services. This scoping review examines community-based harm reduction strategies and policies addressing maternal opioid use occurring in nonclinical settings, including stigma reduction, public health education, service access, and integration. The objectives of this scoping review are to 1) delineate community-based harm reduction approaches; 2) contextualize findings; 3) identify policy gaps; and 4) synthesize insights for policy.
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J Subst Use Addict Treat
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Chestnut Health Systems-Lighthouse Institute, Eugene, OR, United States of America.
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Acupuncture for neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborn infants.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
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Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug-withdrawal syndrome, mostly occurring after antenatal exposure to opioids. A neonate may be born physically dependent on opioid medications, which causes withdrawal symptoms (such as high-pitched crying, disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle and tremors) after birth. This is diagnosed with a standardised withdrawal assessment, such as the Finnegan score.
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