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Background: Video consultations in primary care settings demonstrate substantial benefits, including improved accessibility, reduced waiting times, and enhanced health management. These services could particularly benefit ultra-Orthodox women in Israel, who typically manage large families and face unique healthcare access challenges as primary caregivers. However, eliciting preferences within this closed religious community presents distinct methodological challenges because of cultural sensitivities and religious restrictions regarding technology use.
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In semicompeting risks problems, nonterminal time-to-event outcomes, such as time to hospital readmission, are subject to truncation by death. These settings are often modeled with illness-death models for the hazards of the terminal and nonterminal events, but evaluating causal treatment effects with hazard models is problematic due to conditioning on survival-a posttreatment outcome-that is embedded in the definition of a hazard. Extending an existing survivor average causal effect (SACE) estimand, we frame the evaluation of treatment effects in the context of semicompeting risks with principal stratification and introduce two new causal estimands: the time-varying survivor average causal effect (TV-SACE) and the restricted mean survivor average causal effect (RM-SACE).
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