Orthogonal Host-Guest Interactions Enable Programming of Protocell Membranes for Cellular High-Order Assembly and Enhanced Immunogenicity.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Published: March 2025

The complement system's distinguishing feature is its cell-specific surface ligands. However, the limited scalability and complexity of incorporating surface-customizable ligands into membrane-bound cell-like microassemblages have hindered their widespread adoption in synthetic biology and bioengineering. Here, we present a method for the batch construction of polysaccharide-based microcapsules (polysaccharidosomes, P-somes) with intrinsic functional host membranes capable of docking guest ligands via facile host-guest interactions. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) conjugated to the microcapsule membrane building block serves as the host entity for guest adamantane-linked functional molecules Cyanine5 (Cy5) and PamCSK (PAM). Interactive docking of either an aggregation agent, Cy5, or a Toll-like receptor agonist, PamCSK, on P-somes followed by incubation with macrophages resulted in aggregation and immune activation of macrophages, respectively. The specificity of host-guest interactions allows for the expedited incorporation of additional functionalities into microassemblages. This can be instrumental in engineering cell-like membrane surfaces that replicate genuine cell-cell interactions, offering a unified platform for the development of micrometer-sized programmable therapeutic protocells.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c20476DOI Listing

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