Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of s under various stress treatment in .

Unlabelled: The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) are the largest enzyme family in plant metabolism, playing a key role in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. However, the CYP450 has not yet been systematically characterized in Dendrobium species. In this study, 193 genes were identified in the genome of through bioinformatics, and divided into 2 groups and 10 clans. Chromosome localization results revealed that genes are distributed across 19 chromosomes. We identified eight common conserved motifs within the family of . Furthermore, prediction analysis of -acting elements in the promoter region indicated the presence of elements responsive to low temperature, drought, and hormones responsive elements in most genomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the experiments expression patterns of genes in response to cold, drought treatment, and hormones, suggesting their involvement in abiotic stress responses and their role in Dendrobium growth. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the functional dynamics of the genes and highlight potential candidates for further study of their biological roles.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01555-9.