Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Probiotic Bacteria and Propolis Extracts on the Growth and Histopathological Changes in Gastric Tissues of Challenged Wistar Rats.

Background: is a significant contributor to a range of gastrointestinal conditions, with conventional treatment methods primarily relying on antibiotics. However, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches.

Objectives: To determine the antibacterial potential of probiotic bacteria ( BLRH 260 and ) and four propolis extracts against and to analyze their impacts on body weight index and histopathological changes in -challenged Wistar rats.

Methods: The inhibitory effects of probiotic bacteria ( BLRH 260 and ) and propolis extracts on the growth of were evaluated using an agar well diffusion assay. In vivo analysis involved fifty-four male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) infected with an suspension (10 CFU/mL) and orally administered propolis or probiotics (10 CFU/mL) via gavage for 21 days. The effects of different treatments on body weight and histopathological changes in gastric tissue samples were assessed, and the results were statistically analyzed.

Results: The tested propolis extracts and the supernatant fluids from the mentioned probiotic strains showed significant antibacterial activity against in the agar well diffusion assay, with notable variations. In vivo, the findings demonstrated that oral administrations of propolis and probiotics, either separately or in combination, led to significant increases in body weight and amelioration of histopathological changes in gastric tissue samples, particularly in terms of erosion depth, hemorrhagic inflammation, and apoptosis in the infected animals. Histopathological differences between antibiotic-treated animals and those receiving other treatments were observed, with significant differences.

Conclusions: The results of this study underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of propolis and probiotics in addressing -induced gastropathy. Additional research is necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved and to refine dosage and treatment protocols for optimal effectiveness.