There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) framework for clinicians and AI developers to ensure ethical AI enabled systems in healthcare for children.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01541-1 | DOI Listing |
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Maternal Inflammatory Proteins in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Age 10 Years.
JAMA Psychiatry
March 2025
Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR& Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Importance: Maternal inflammation during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, and cognitive deficits in early childhood. However, little is known about the contributions of a wider range of inflammatory proteins to this risk.
Objective: To determine whether maternal inflammatory proteins during pregnancy are associated with the risk of NDDs and executive functions (EF) in middle childhood and to identify protein patterns associated with NDDs and EF.
Expectancy Effects, Failure of Blinding Integrity, and Placebo Response in Trials of Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review.
JAMA Psychiatry
March 2025
Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Importance: Expectancy effects are significant confounding factors in psychiatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs), potentially affecting the interpretation of study results. This narrative review is the first, to our knowledge, to explore the relationship between expectancy effects, compromised blinding integrity, and the effects of active treatment/placebo in psychiatric RCTs. Additionally, we present statistical and experimental approaches that may help mitigate the confounding impact of expectancy effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Firm Pigmented Plaque on the Forearm of a Child.
JAMA Dermatol
March 2025
Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the child-robot interaction characteristics relevant to the use of robot Pepper as a new tool in neurorehabilitation.
Method: The study was conducted at the Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital and involved 89 children (aged 4-16 years): 39 healthy children and 50 children with neurological disorders. Forty-nine children interacted with Pepper directly, whereas 40 interacted via video.
A novel dominant-negative variant of IRF8 in a mother and son: Clinical, phenotypic and biological characteristics.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
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Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Electronic address:
Background: The few reported patients with pathogenic IRF8 variants have manifested 2 distinct phenotypes: (1) an autosomal recessive severe immunodeficiency with significant neutrophilia and absence of or significant decrease in monocytes and dendritic cells and (2) a dominant-negative form with only a decrease in conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2s) and susceptibility to mycobacterial disease.
Objectives: Genetic testing of a child with persistent EBV viremia identified a novel IRF8 variant: c.1279dupT (p.
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