Microbial fuel cell (MFC) can convert the chemical energy of organic matter in wastewater into electrical energy with high degradation efficiency. In this study, a type of specialized microorganism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was screened and added to an MFC to promote the degradation of wastewater generated during the production of cytidine acid while improving the performance of the MFC. The MFC achieved a maximum voltage of 57.7 ± 4.4 mV and a maximum power density of 1.9 ± 0.1 mW/m; moreover, the degradation efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and phosphate reached 76.3 ± 2.8%, 80.3 ± 3.3%, and 85.3 ± 3.5%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and metabolomics analysis revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa could effectively degrade organic matter in wastewater. Additionally, the metabolic pathways involved may have been pyrimidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
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