In this study, coal bottom ash particles were modified through high-energy ball milling and evaluated for the removal of methyl violet 10B (MV) dye from aqueous environment via the adsorption process. The presence of a partially amorphous structure with nano- and submicron particles, containing silanol group (Si-OH), along with higher surface area and pore volume values compared to the unmodified sample, was confirmed by different characterization methods, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and laser granulometry. These characteristics provided an appreciable adsorptive activity to the modified material, achieving an adsorption capacity of 27.17 mg g and removal efficiency of 64.21%. The operating conditions were optimized using an experimental design, with a pH of 9 and an adsorbent mass of 0.3 g L yielding the best results. Kinetic data were well fitted to the Avrami model, while the Redlich-Peterson model satisfactorily described the adsorption isotherms. Moreover, the adsorption process occurred spontaneously and exhibited endothermic behavior. Recycling tests showed that the material maintained high stability and activity (removal above 60%) over three cycles of reuse. A plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed.
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In this study, coal bottom ash particles were modified through high-energy ball milling and evaluated for the removal of methyl violet 10B (MV) dye from aqueous environment via the adsorption process. The presence of a partially amorphous structure with nano- and submicron particles, containing silanol group (Si-OH), along with higher surface area and pore volume values compared to the unmodified sample, was confirmed by different characterization methods, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), and laser granulometry. These characteristics provided an appreciable adsorptive activity to the modified material, achieving an adsorption capacity of 27.
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