The convergence of globalization with increased sexual risk behaviours has significantly facilitated the dissemination of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) clusters of Shigella spp. among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. A cluster of S. sonnei carrying bla caused a European outbreak in 2020-2021, with more than 30 cases in Spain, including two in our institution. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study from October 2022 to December 2023 that included five additional patients with shigellosis caused by a CTX-M-27-producing S. sonnei. Genetic characterization was assessed by whole-genome sequencing using the MinION Mk1C device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, United Kingdom). All the isolates presented IncB/O/K/Z or IncFII plasmids, which carried genes conferring resistance to second- and third-generation cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin and quinolones. SNP analysis revealed that neither the strains within this study nor the UK cluster were related to each other. Therefore, different community clusters of XDR S. sonnei strains harbouring bla are spreading in our area, mainly associated with sexual transmission among MSM.
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