Consolidative radiation is increasingly regarded as an effective treatment for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer. This systematic review examines the clinical evidence on the significance of consolidative radiation in improving outcomes in NSCLC, including progression-free survival and overall survival. Innovations in radiotherapy, including stereotactic body radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, have enhanced the accuracy and effectiveness of local control in oligometastatic disease. This paper analyzes the integration of consolidative radiotherapy with systemic agents, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, along with the application of biomarkers such circulating tumor DNA for patient selection. Our findings indicate that consolidative radiotherapy could benefit patients with controlled oligometastatic NSCLC following systemic therapy, emphasizing the importance of proper patient selection. Additional research is necessary to optimize treatment combinations and develop biomarkers for better patient stratification in consolidative radiotherapy.
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