Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of host microbiota, serving as the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. However, the potential mechanisms by which AMPs modulate microbial homeostasis are not fully understood. In this study, we showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) infection could suppress the expression of hemocyanin and promote its degradation. PvL1, a hemocyanin-derived AMP, exhibited high antibacterial activity against AHPND infection. Then, it was observed that PvL1 could restore the dysbiosis in the hepatopancreas microbiota of AHPND shrimps. In addition, PvL1 could increase the survival of shrimp against VP infection by modulating the predominance of bacteria in the hepatopancreas microbiota. Taken together, these findings highlight the crucial role of hemocyanin-derived peptides in maintaining homeostasis in the hepatopancreas microbiota in response to AHPND disease.
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