Leaf mass per area (LMA) and photosynthetic rate (A) explain fast-slow growth strategies in worldwide leaf economic spectrum. Nitrogen (N) promotes A and rapid growth; while LMA response to N supply in a genotype specific manner. Structural traits affect the relationship between LMA and A, and we hypothesized that N supply would affect structural traits and thus the coupling between LMA and A. We tested this hypothesis by measuring A, LMA, anatomical traits and N allocation to various leaf components in 9 Brassica napus cultivars under two N supply levels. Mesophyll cell density (ρcell) and palisade tissue thickness (Tp) predominantly influence the variability in LMA. Enhanced Tp increased LMA, chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular airspace, and N allocation into Rubisco (Nrub), thereby positively affecting mesophyll conductance (gm) and A. Conversely, ρcell promoted LMA but negatively affect Nrub under N deficiency. Enhanced LMA promoted N allocation to cell wall (Ncw), causing decreased Nrub fraction, and consequently A. This negative effect was relieved by the positive effect of Tp on A, which coupled the variation of LMA and A. The plasticity of Tp and ρcell regulating gm and trade-off between Nrub and Ncw provides insights for simultaneous increases in LMA and A to promote rapid growth and resistance.
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