Salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CH) play an important role in plant defense by increasing secondary metabolite production in plants. In this study, their effects on volatile oil composition, phenolics and antioxidant activity of Achillea gypsicola were investigated. Treatments included control, 0.5-, 2- and 8-mM SA and control 2, 4 and 8 g L-1 CH. It was set up completely randomized with four replications, with two harvests between 2021 and 2022. Especially 4 g L-1 CH significantly increased 1,8-cineole and borneol production. The highest total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) were obtained from the 8 g L-1 CH treatment. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a 2-fold increase in chlorogenic acid, 1.01-fold increase in gallic acid and 0.56-fold increase in protocatechuic acid from 4 and 8 g L-1 CH treatments. Strong positive correlations were found between DPPH radical scavenging assay and Iron ions chelating assay (.803**), TFC (.556**) and TPC (.562**).
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