This review explores the current literature on conjunctival melanoma, a rare and complex periocular neoplasm, emphasizing the absence of a standardized treatment protocol and the associated management challenges. It examines the clinical, genetic, and histological features of conjunctival melanoma, alongside diagnostic methodologies and treatment strategies, drawing on the most recent bibliographic data. The literature was systematically reviewed using the PubMed database, offering insights into future research directions and highlighting innovative treatment approaches, particularly for advanced-stage disease.
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Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare disease that nevertheless has a high tumor-associated mortality rate. A resection in sano with adjuvant local treatment currently represents the therapeutic gold standard and systemic treatment is used for metastasized conjunctival melanoma and/or very advanced nonresectable local findings. New knowledge on molecular changes in conjunctival melanoma shows a clear similarity to those of cutaneous melanoma.
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Ocular melanoma encompasses the uveal tract, conjunctiva, eyelid, and orbit. Palpebral localization is extremely infrequent, constituting less than 1% of skin melanomas, the main treatment of which is surgical. However, the radicality of the resection is restricted by anatomical location and functional sequelae.
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
This review explores the current literature on conjunctival melanoma, a rare and complex periocular neoplasm, emphasizing the absence of a standardized treatment protocol and the associated management challenges. It examines the clinical, genetic, and histological features of conjunctival melanoma, alongside diagnostic methodologies and treatment strategies, drawing on the most recent bibliographic data. The literature was systematically reviewed using the PubMed database, offering insights into future research directions and highlighting innovative treatment approaches, particularly for advanced-stage disease.
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Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Methods: We searched for studies on PBT for ocular conjunctival malignancies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WoS) databases up to November 25, 2023.
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