As the main processing by-product of soybeans, the soybean meal has received increasing attention for its abundant proteins and nutritional values. However, most soybean meal is currently restricted to coarse livestock feed and lacks attention to its potential functional activities. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant activity and cytoprotective mechanism of bioactive peptides from soybean meal using a combined in vitro and in silico approach. Herein, a novel antioxidant peptide (Lys-Phe-Gly-Trp, KFGW) was identified from soybean meal hydrolysate (< 1 kDa) by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Besides, KFGW exhibited superior antioxidant activity as reflected by the excellent in vitro radicals scavenging capacity and cytoprotective profiles against HO-induced oxidative damage in HEK-293 cells. Meanwhile, KFGW could significantly improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD and inhibit the excessive generation of intracellular ROS and NO, thereby alleviating oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase signaling. More importantly, KFGW could effectively activate the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway by occupying the Nrf2 binding site on Keap1, which was mainly attributed to the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Overall, these findings would facilitate the integrated application of bioactive peptides derived from soybean meal as functional ingredients in food processing and health-promoting areas.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116084 | DOI Listing |
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