Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is vulnerable to environmental exposure and is related to various diseases. However, the relationship of green space exposure with mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is not yet well clarified. In this study, we sought to explore how green space exposure influences mtDNAcn in children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved 1151 participants aged 6-18 years from Liuzhou, China. Green space exposure was quantified using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within several circular buffers (250-2000 m). Leukocyte mtDNAcn was measured using the qPCR method. Multiple linear regression was employed to estimate the relationship of green space exposure with mtDNAcn. Per interquartile range increment in NDVI, NDVI, NDVI, and NDVI were related to 3.33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00%, 5.72%), 3.37% (95% CI: 1.02%, 5.78%), 3.34% (95% CI: 0.93%, 5.81%), and 3.25% (95% CI: 0.49%, 6.08%) increase in mtDNAcn, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the positive relationship of green space exposure with mtDNAcn was more evident in children, females, participants with normal weight, and those not exposed to passive smoking. Our findings indicate a positive relationship of green space exposure with mtDNAcn in children and adolescents. Given the significance of mtDNAcn during childhood and adolescence, it is essential to implement strategies that enhance green environments to support the health and development of children and adolescents.
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