Objectives: Evaluated the effect of phosphorylated chitosan (ChiPh) and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) incorporation into resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on mechanical, fluoride release, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties.
Methods: RMGIC was combined with ChiPh (0.25%/0.5%) and/or TMPnano (14%). The diametral compressive/tensile strength (DCS/TS), surface hardness (SH) and degree of conversion (%DC) were determined. For fluoride (F) release, samples were immersed in De/RE solutions. Antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity was evaluated by agar diffusion test/biofilm metabolism. Cytotoxicity on MDPC-23 odontoblast cell lines was evaluated.
Results: TS and DCS (24 h), all the groups were similar (p>0.05). After 7 days, RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%ChiPh showed the best results for TS/DCS (p<0.05). The SH was lower and similar for the RMGIC and RMGI-14%TMPnano-0.5%ChiPh groups (p>0.05) after 24 h; after 7 days, all groups containing TMPnano and/or ChiPh showed higher SH when compared to RMGIC, except for RMGIC-0.5% ChiPh. The %DC was similar for all groups (p=0.172). There was a gradual release of F for all groups during the 15 days; in the cumulative analysis, after 15 days, the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%ChiPh group showed the highest value (p<0.05). Viability against S. mutans was observed for the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%ChiPh group (p<0.05). After 24 h, the RMGIC-0.25%ChiPh and RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%ChiPh groups showed the lowest cytotoxic effect (p=0.371); at 48 h/72 h, only the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%ChiPh group showed similar cytocompatibility.
Conclusion: The addition of ChiPh (0.25%) and TMPnano (14%) improved the RMGIC's mechanical, antimicrobial/antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties.
Clinical Relevance: ChiPh and TMPnano into RMGIC could be a promising restorative material for application in patients with active dental caries.
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