Mapping 1-km soybean yield across China from 2001 to 2020 based on ensemble learning.

Sci Data

College of Land Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Published: March 2025

Soybean is a critical agricultural product in China, with domestic production unable to satisfy the substantial demand, leading to a huge reliance on imports. To support the scientific formulation of agricultural policies and the optimization of domestic planting structures, we developed a high-resolution annual soybean yield dataset for China (2001-2020), ChinaSoyYield1km. This dataset was generated by applying ensemble learning algorithms and spatial decomposition to a comprehensive set of multi-source data, including climate variables, remote sensing imagery, soil properties, agricultural management practices, and official yield records. The integration of these diverse datasets allows for a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing soybean yield at a 1-km resolution. The resulting dataset captures over 50% of the yield variability at the county scale, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to publicly available datasets with reductions in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranging from 0.18 to 0.60 t/ha. It is anticipated that our dataset will enhance agricultural studies, planning, and policy-making related to soybean cultivation, providing a valuable resource for both the scientific community and government.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890572PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04738-xDOI Listing

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