Objective: To describe distinctive profiles of neurobehavior in opioid-exposed and unexposed neonates.
Study Design: The Outcomes of Babies with Opioid Exposure (OBOE) study is a multisite, prospective, observational study in neonates born at term with opioid exposure and unexposed controls. As part of the OBOE study protocol, certified examiners administered the NeoNatal Neurobehavioral Scales, 2 edition (NNNS-II) before 6 weeks postnatal age. We used latent profile analysis to determine distinctive classes of neurobehavior and linear mixed effect models to compare NNNS-II scores by exposure status.
Results: The study included 291 neonates with NNNS-II, 194 exposed and 97 unexposed. Latent profile analysis resulted in 4 unique classes. Class 4 showed the most signs of stress and included almost exclusively exposed neonates. Scores for exposed neonates were significantly different than unexposed neonates on most NNNS-II subscales. In addition to opioids, associations were found between profile membership and prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines, e-cigarettes/tobacco, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Conclusions: Neonates with prenatal exposure to opioids and other psychotropic substances have distinctive patterns of neurobehavior. Additional follow-up is needed to determine if these neurobehavioral differences serve as a marker for future problems with attention and behavior.
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