Analyzing MASLD interventional clinical trial registration based on the ClinicalTrials.gov database.

Objective: With the rising incidence of MASLD, extensive drug research has been conducted in clinical trials. The study examined the design principles and research objectives of MASLD therapeutics, in order to offer guidance to clinical trial participants and decision makers.

Methods: By searching the clinical research trial data registered on clinicaltrials.gov platform, 1209 interventional clinical trials were screened. These trials were subsequently evaluated based on clinical stage, trial design, intervention modalities, outcome metrics, and other pertinent factors.

Results: A total of 1,209 trials were included, of which 199 were registered from 2000 to 2012 (16.46%) and 1010 were registered from 2013 to 2024 (83.54%), reflecting the growing body of research on MASLD. Regarding the intervention model type, single-group designs were employed in 232 (19.19%) trials, and parallel designs were employed in 873(72.21%). A total of 13 trials were early phase 1 (1.08%), 152 (12.57%) were phase 1, 34 (2.81%) were phase 1/phase 2, 301 were phase 2 (24.90%), 19 (1.57%) were phase 2/phase 3, 72 (5.96%) were phase 3, and 84 (6.95%) were phase 4. Within these trials, the three primary clinical outcomes for drug interventions were hepatic histological improvement, hepatic fat content and adverse events. Furthermore, 140 drug interventional trials with results for therapeutic purposes (This accounted for 88.61% of the 158 drug interventional trials with results) primarily aimed to improve MASLD through mechanisms such as metabolic and energy balance, inflammatory and immunomodulatory, and lipid reduction, targeting primarily PPAR, FXR, ACC and GLP-1.

Conclusion: This study suggests the basic characteristics of global MASLD clinical trial design, and the current global interventional clinical trials are mainly focused on drug-related treatments, and drugs to improve inflammation and metabolism are still the first choice for MASLD drug intervention studies.