Adult hydrocephalus is a common neurologic condition with an estimated prevalence of 85 per 100,000 globally, caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation within the cerebral ventricles. Subtypes include idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, posthemorrhagic, postinfectious, posttraumatic, and tumor-associated forms. Its pathophysiology involves glymphatic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, vascular compromise, and impaired CSF absorption. Despite advances in treatment, significant gaps remain in understanding its epidemiology, particularly in regards to regional variability and comorbidities, alongside unresolved questions about glymphatic pathways and neurodegenerative overlap. Standardized diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks are urgently needed.
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A review of cerebrospinal fluid circulation with respect to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in brachycephalic dogs.
Fluids Barriers CNS
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School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis by facilitating the clearance of metabolic waste and regulating intracranial pressure. Dysregulation of CSF flow can lead to conditions like syringomyelia, and hydrocephalus. This review details the anatomy of CSF flow, examining its contribution to waste clearance within the brain and spinal cord.
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Neurosurg Clin N Am
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Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, Oslo N-0424, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:
Adult hydrocephalus, especially idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), involves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dysfunction that is associated with impaired waste clearance in the brain, potentially causing toxic protein buildup. This condition shares features with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, where amyloid-β and tau proteins accumulate. Recent discoveries in the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems, key in CSF and metabolic waste clearance, provide insights into these protein imbalances.
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Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 410 W, 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 4th Floor Faculty Office Building, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Electronic address:
Adult hydrocephalus is a common neurologic condition with an estimated prevalence of 85 per 100,000 globally, caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation within the cerebral ventricles. Subtypes include idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, posthemorrhagic, postinfectious, posttraumatic, and tumor-associated forms. Its pathophysiology involves glymphatic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, vascular compromise, and impaired CSF absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFB-waves in noninvasive capacitance signal correlate with B-waves in ICP.
Acta Neurochir (Wien)
March 2025
The Interface Group, Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: Analysis of B-waves in overnight intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings used to be an important element in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Here, we tested the hypothesis that equivalents to B-waves can be detected and quantified in a noninvasively measured electric capacitance signal termed W.
Methods: We measured ICP and W in a cohort of 15 patients with suspected diagnosis of NPH or spontaneous intracranial hypotension during infusion testing, identifying B-waves in both signals by wave-template matching in the time domain.
Impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus.
Front Mol Neurosci
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) not only protects the brain but also maintains homeostasis by removing metabolic waste produced by brain activity. This study hypothesizes that chronic CSF circulatory dysfunction, such as chronic hydrocephalus or normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), may be a critical condition in neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic waste accumulation. To investigate the CSF circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus induced by kaolin injection, we performed time-dependent evaluations of intraparenchymal injection of tracers as well as intraventricular injection of Evans blue.
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