Analysis of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity in Typhonium flagelliforme rhizome extract by induction of apoptosis: An in-vitro study.

Plants are major source of bioactive compounds. Typhonium flagelliforme is an important medicinal plant that has various health benefits and crucial properties including analgesic activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anticancer activity. This study aims to determine the anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential in aqueous, acetone, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of Typhonium flagelliforme against various cell lines using various molecular techniques. The current in-vitro findings demonstrate that methanolic extract contains excellent anti-cancer potential. It induced apoptosis in different cell lines at low concentrations. Moreover, we observed the cell cycle arrest by the induction of cellular stress at the G2/M phase in SCC-225 cells. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption indicated that active compounds of T. flagelliforme photochemicals induce apoptosis and modulate ROS and NO2 activity in cancer cells. The results indicate that methanolic extracts promote the proliferation of the macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7) relative to untreated cells. Methanolic extract of T. flagelliforme demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to other extracts. The proliferation of T. flagelliforme plant extract-treated oral cancer cells was significantly inhibited by the downregulation of NEK-7 expression compared to LPS alone. The outcome of the current work will be helpful in developing the understanding of the anticancer potential of bioactive compounds of T. flagelliforme against different cancer lines for the design and development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, the current study suggested that selected bioactive compounds can be further studied at the molecular level to evaluate the potential for the treatment of cancer and associated malignancies.