Supernova theory has struggled to explain the lightest known neutron star candidate with an accurate mass determination, the 1.174M_{⊙} companion in the eccentric compact binary system J0453+1559. To improve the theoretical lower limit for neutron star birth masses, we perform 3D supernova simulations for five stellar models close to the minimum mass for iron core collapse. We obtain a record-low neutron star mass of 1.192M_{⊙} and a substantial kick of ∼100 km s^{-1}. Given residual uncertainties in stellar evolution, a neutron star origin for the 1.174M_{⊙} object remains plausible.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.071403 | DOI Listing |
Natl Sci Rev
March 2025
Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
February 2025
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
In the violent postmerger of binary neutron-star mergers strong oscillations are present that impact the emitted gravitational-wave (GW) signal. The frequencies, temperatures, and densities involved in these oscillations allow for violations of the chemical equilibrium promoted by weak interactions, thus leading to a nonzero bulk viscosity that can impact dynamics and GW signals. We present the first simulations of binary neutron-star mergers employing the self-consistent and second-order formulation of the equations of relativistic hydrodynamics for dissipative fluids proposed by Müller, Israel, and Stewart.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
February 2025
Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
Supernova theory has struggled to explain the lightest known neutron star candidate with an accurate mass determination, the 1.174M_{⊙} companion in the eccentric compact binary system J0453+1559. To improve the theoretical lower limit for neutron star birth masses, we perform 3D supernova simulations for five stellar models close to the minimum mass for iron core collapse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMergers of binary neutron stars emit signals in both the gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic spectra. Famously, the 2017 multi-messenger observation of GW170817 (refs. ) led to scientific discoveries across cosmology, nuclear physics and gravity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
February 2025
TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.
The prediction of isotopic abundances resulting from the rapid neutron capture process (r process) requires high-precision mass measurements. Using TITAN's on-line time-of-flight spectrometer, first time mass measurements are performed for ^{83}Zn and ^{86}Ga. These measurements reduced uncertainties, and are used to calculate isotopic abundances near the first r-process abundance peak using astrophysical conditions present during a binary neutron star (BNS) merger.
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