This study explores coping strategies used by khwaja sira, a third-gender community, in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We conducted 45 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat. Interviews were conducted in Pashto, digitally audio recorded, transcribed and translated directly into English, and analysed using thematic content analysis. Applying coping theory, we identified five major themes in the interview transcripts: (1) creating community with other khwaja sira; (2) navigating safety in sex work; (3) managing interpersonal relationships; (4) increasing awareness about transgender rights; (5) trusting in kismet. Findings demonstrate how the khwaja sira community utilises a range of individual and collective coping strategies to manage experiences of social marginalisation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.70026 | DOI Listing |
Int J Psychol
April 2025
National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
This study explores coping strategies used by khwaja sira, a third-gender community, in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We conducted 45 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat. Interviews were conducted in Pashto, digitally audio recorded, transcribed and translated directly into English, and analysed using thematic content analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Ment Health (Camb)
April 2024
Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.
Due to their identification as third gender people, have historically been subjected to experiences of social marginalization. However, the extant literature has not fully explored the lived experiences of stigma and discrimination against khwaja sira in the Swat Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To address this gap, we conducted 45 interviews with khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to better understand their experiences of gender-nonconformity stigma and discrimination in various social contexts, including within their families, in accessing health care, and within education and work contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCult Health Sex
May 2024
Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
This study uses an aspirations-capabilities framework to provide insight into transgender mobility based on in-depth interviews with 30 sex workers in Lahore. Respondents narrated mobility as a defining and persistent feature of their lives linked to their gender variance and experience of everyday violence and discrimination. Mobilities were experienced as oppressive or liberating depending on how much control they provided sex workers within managing risk in their lives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCult Health Sex
November 2023
Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.
The focus of this study was on identifying themes regarding the financial relationships between (leaders) and (disciples) in communities in Khyber Pakhtunkwa, Pakistan. We interviewed 45 khwaja sira in Mingora, Swat on their experiences of guru-chela culture. All interviews were digitally audio recorded, then translated and transcribed directly from Pashto into English.
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